Perfect for students exploring natural resources, including the formation of coal and petroleum, their uses, and their impact on the environment. Class 8 Science Chapter 3: Coal and Petroleum Question Answer Quiz covers key topics like coal formation, petroleum extraction, and conservation. Test your knowledge, challenge your friends, and deepen your understanding of this essential science chapter today!
1) What are the types of materials used in daily life?
Answer: The materials used in daily life can be classified into two types:
Natural materials: Found in nature.
Man-made materials: Made by human efforts.
2) What are natural resources?
Answer: Natural resources are materials obtained from nature, such as air, water, soil, and minerals.
3) Can we use all our natural resources forever?
Answer: No, we cannot use all our natural resources forever. Some natural resources are limited and can be exhausted by human activities.
4) Can air, water, and soil be exhausted by human activities?
Answer: Yes, these resources can be affected by human activities. However, water and air are considered renewable under normal conditions, but their quality and availability can be reduced by overuse and pollution.
5) How are natural resources classified?
Answer: Natural resources are classified into two types:
1. Inexhaustible Natural Resources- Present in unlimited quantities in nature.
Not likely to be exhausted by human activities.
Examples: Sunlight, air.
2. Exhaustible Natural Resources- Limited in quantity.
It can be exhausted by human activities.
Examples: Forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas.
6) What are fossil fuels?
Answer: Fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources formed from the dead remains of living organisms. Examples include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
7) What is coal?
Answer: Coal is:
It is as hard as stone and black.
One of the fuels used to cook food.
Previously used in railway engines to produce steam.
Used in thermal power plants to generate electricity and as a fuel in various industries.
8) Where do we get coal, and how is it formed?
Answer: Coal is formed over millions of years through the following process:
About 300 million years ago, dense forests in low-lying wetland areas were buried under the soil due to natural processes like flooding.
Over time, more soil deposited over them, compressing them.
The temperature rose as they sank deeper.
Under high pressure and temperature, dead plants were slowly converted to coal.
This process, called carbonization, involves the slow conversion of dead vegetation into coal. Coal is a fossil fuel as it is formed from the remains of vegetation.
9) Why is coal called a fossil fuel?
Answer: Coal is called a fossil fuel because it is formed from the remains of dead vegetation that lived millions of years ago.
10) What happens when coal is heated in air?
Answer: When coal is heated in the air, it burns and produces mainly carbon dioxide gas.
11) What are the useful products obtained from the processing of coal?
Answer: Useful products obtained from the processing of coal are coke, coal tar, and coal gas.
12) What is coke, and what are its uses?
Answer: Coke: It is a tough, porous, and black substance, almost a pure form of carbon.
Uses: It is used in the manufacture of steel and the extraction of many metals.
13) What is coal tar, and what are its uses?
Answer: Coal Tar: It is a black, thick liquid with an unpleasant smell and is a mixture of about 200 substances.
Uses: Products obtained from coal tar are used to manufacture Synthetic dye, Drugs, Explosives, Perfumes, Plastics, Paints, Photographic materials, Roofing materials and Naphthalene balls(to repel moths and insects).
14) What is used nowadays in place of coal tar for road construction?
Answer: Bitumen, a petroleum product, is used in place of coal tar for metalling roads.
15) What is coal gas, and how is it obtained?
Answer: Coal Gas: It is a byproduct obtained during the processing of coal to produce coke.
Uses:
Initially used for street lighting (first used in London in 1810 and New York in 1820).
Nowadays, it is used as a source of heat rather than for lighting.
16) What is coal used for in industries?
Answer: Coal is used as a fuel in many industries situated near coal processing plants.
17) What is petrol used for?
Answer: Petrol is used as a fuel in light automobiles such as motorcycles, scooters, and cars.
18) Which fuel is used in heavy motor vehicles like trucks and tractors?
Answer: Diesel is used in heavy motor vehicles like trucks and tractors.
19) From which natural resources are petrol and diesel obtained?
Answer: Petrol and diesel are obtained from petroleum.
20) What does the word "petroleum" mean?
Answer: The word "petroleum" is derived from "petra" (rock) and "oleum" (oil) because it is mined from between rocks under the Earth.
21) How is petroleum formed?
Answer: Petroleum is formed from organisms that live in the sea. When these organisms died, their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and were covered with layers of sand and clay. Over millions of years, the absence of air, high temperature, and high pressure transformed the dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas.
22) Why is the petroleum layer found above water in the Earth?
Answer: The petroleum layer is above water because oil and gas are lighter than water and do not mix with it.
23) Where was the world’s first oil well drilled?
Answer: The world’s first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania, USA, in 1859.
24) Where was oil first struck in India?
Answer: Oil was first struck in India at Makum in Assam in 1867.
25) Where is oil found in India?
Answer: Oil in India is found in Assam, Gujarat, Mumbai High, and in the river basins of Godavari and Krishna.
26) What is petroleum, and what does it contain?
Answer: Petroleum is a dark, oily liquid with an unpleasant odor. It is a mixture of various constituents, including petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, and paraffin wax.
27) What is refining, and where is it carried out?
Answer: Refining is the process of separating the various constituents or fractions of petroleum. It is carried out in a petroleum refinery.
28) What are petrochemicals, and where are they used?
Answer: Petrochemicals are useful substances obtained from petroleum and natural gas. They are used in the manufacture of detergents, fibers (like polyester, nylon, and acrylic), polyethylene, and other man-made plastics.
29) What is hydrogen gas obtained from natural gas used for?
Answer: Hydrogen gas obtained from natural gas is used in the production of fertilizers, such as urea.
30) Why is petroleum called 'black gold'?
Answer: Petroleum is called 'black gold' because of its great importance and wide range of uses.
31) Why is natural gas considered an important fossil fuel?
Answer: Natural gas is considered an important fossil fuel because it is easy to transport through pipes.
32) How is natural gas stored, and what is it used for?
Answer: Natural gas is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas (CNG). It is used for power generation and as a cleaner fuel for vehicles.
33) What are the various constituents of petroleum and their uses?
Answer: The constituents of petroleum and their uses are as follows:
Petroleum Gas in Liquid Form (LPG): Used as fuel for home and industry.
Petrol: Used as motor fuel, aviation fuel, and solvent for dry cleaning.
Kerosene: Used as fuel for stoves, lamps, and jet aircraft.
Diesel: Used as fuel for heavy motor vehicles and electric generators.
Lubricating Oil: Used for lubrication.
Paraffin Wax: Used in ointments, candles, and vaseline.
Bitumen: Used in paints and road surfacing.
34) Why is CNG considered a good fuel for transport vehicles?
Answer: CNG is considered a good fuel for transport vehicles because it is less polluting and a cleaner fuel.
36) What is the advantage of using CNG in homes and factories?
Answer: The great advantage of CNG is that it can be supplied directly through pipelines for burning in homes and factories.
37) Where in India does a network of CNG pipelines exist?
Answer: A network of CNG pipelines exists in Vadodara (Gujarat), some parts of Delhi, and other places.
38) What are the other uses of natural gas apart from being a fuel?
Answer: Natural gas is used as a starting material for the manufacture of several chemicals and fertilizers.
39) Where are the reserves of natural gas found in India?
Answer: In India, natural gas reserves are found in Tripura, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and the Krishna Godavari delta.
40) Can coal, petroleum, and natural gas be prepared in a laboratory?
Answer: No, coal, petroleum, and natural gas cannot be prepared in a laboratory because their formation is a very slow process, and the conditions required for their formation cannot be created in the laboratory.
41) What are exhaustible natural resources?
Answer: Exhaustible natural resources are those that are limited in quantity, such as fossil fuels, forests, and minerals.
42) How long did it take for fossil fuels like coal and petroleum to form?
Answer: It took millions of years for dead organisms to get converted into fossil fuels like coal and petroleum.
43) Why should fossil fuels be used sparingly?
Answer: Fossil fuels should be used sparingly because:
Their known reserves will last only a few hundred years.
Burning them causes air pollution and contributes to global warming.
Saving them ensures better environmental conditions and availability for a longer period.
44) What does the Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) advise to save petrol and diesel while driving?
Answer: The PCRA advises the following to save petrol and diesel:
Drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible.
Switch off the engine at traffic lights or places where you have to wait.
Ensure correct tire pressure.
Ensure regular maintenance of the vehicle.
