Crop production and management Involves various agricultural practices for the cultivation and harvesting of crops. Crop production and management aim to provide food for a large population of the country. When the same kind of plants are grown and cultivated in one place on a large scale is called a crop.
Question 1) From where do animals get their food?
Answer: From plants and animals.
Explanation: Animals cannot make their food therefore they are dependent on other animals and plants. Animals are heterotrophs.
Question 2) Why do we need food?
Answer: We need energy for carrying out various body functions and we get energy from food.
Explanation: Various body functions such as digestion, respiration, and excretion take place by the energy we get from the food.
Question 3) How do we provide food for a large population?
Answer: Regular production, proper management, and distribution of food in a proper way.
Explanation: We need to produce food regularly, manage it properly, and distribute it properly.
Question 4) When people are nomadic?
Answer: Till 10,000 BC
Explanation: People who wander in groups from place to place in search of shelter and food are called nomadic.
Question 5) Which factor affects the growth of the plant?
Answer: Rainfall, Temperature, and Humidity.
Explanation: For proper growth of plants, plants need proper rainfall because water is necessary for photosynthesis, temperature influences the metabolic process of the plant, and humidity affects the transpiration rates and disease susceptibility.
Question 6) Based on season how many types of crops?
Answer: Two
Explanation: Based on season there are two types of crops Rabi and Kharif crops.
Question 7) What is the Kharif crop?
Answer: The crops that are sown in the rainy season are called Kharif crops.
Explanation: The rainy season in India is generally from June to September. Examples of Kharif crops are paddy, maize, soybean, groundnut, Sorghum (Jowar), millet (Pearl Millet, Finger Millet), Sugarcane, cotton, etc.
Question 8) What are Rabi crops?
Answer: The crops that are grown in the winter season are called Rabi crops.
Explanation: The period of the rabi crop is generally from October to March. Examples of rabi crops are wheat, gram, pea, mustard, linseed, barley, etc.
Question 9) Why paddy is not grown in winter?
Answer: Because rice cultivation requires specific temperature and water conditions.
Explanation: Paddy requires a lot of water therefore it is grown in only the rainy season.
Question 10) Name some agricultural practices.
Answer: Preparation of soil, sowing, adding manure and fertilizers, irrigation, protecting from weeds, harvesting, and storage.
Question 11) Which one is the first step before growing a crop?
Answer: Preparation of soil.
Explanation: In preparation of soil, loosening of soil takes place, and loosening of the soil allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil, allows the roots to breathe easily, and helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in the soil and due to this nutrient-rich soil comes at the top.
Question 12) Why are earthworms and microbes friends of the farmer?
Answer: Because they turn and lose the soil and add humus to it.
Explanation: Humus makes the soil fertile.
Question 13) The loosening and turning off of the soil is called ..
Answer: Tilling or ploughing.
Explanation: Tilling and plowing are done by a plow which is made of iron and wood.
Question 14) The plowed field may have big pieces of soil called …
Answer: Crumps
Explanation: We break the crumbs in the plowed field by using a plank.
Question 15) Why leveling is important in crop production?
Answer: For sowing seed and irrigation.
Explanation: If leveling is proper then even water distribution takes place and reduces soil erosion.
Question 16) What is the function of Hoe?
Answer: Removing weeds and loosening the soil.
Explanation: A hoe is a versatile hand tool used in agriculture and horticulture for various tasks related to soil and plant care. It typically consists of a long handle and a metal blade attached at a right angle.
Question 17) Which type of seed floats on water?
Answer: Damaged seed.
Explanation: Damaged seeds float on water primarily because they are less dense than healthy seeds.
Question 18) Why proper distance between seeds is important?
Answer: It avoids overcrowding of plants and allows sufficient sunlight, nutrients, and water for plants from the soil.
Explanation: Because overcrowding creates competition competition can lead to stunted growth, weak stems, and lower yields.
Question 19) What are manure and fertilizers?
Answer: The substance that is added to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants is called manure and fertilizers.
Question 20) What makes the soil poorer in certain nutrients?
Answer: Continuous growing of crops.
Explanation: Crops take up essential nutrients from the soil for their growth, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other minerals. When these nutrients are not replenished through crop rotation, cover cropping, or composting, the soil becomes depleted over time. This leads to infertile soil that struggles to support healthy plant growth.
Question 21) What is manuring?
Answer: Farmers add manure to the fields to replenish the soil with nutrients, this is called manuring.
Explanation: Cow dung is an example of manure. Cow dung is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, cow dung is a well-rounded fertilizer for various crops. Manure adds humus to the soil.
Question 22) What are fertilizers?
Answer: Fertilizers are chemical substances that are rich in particular nutrients.
Explanation: Fertilisers are made in factories. It does not provide any humus to the soil but it is rich in plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. Some examples of fertilizers are urea, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate, potash, NPK, etc.
Question 23) What are the harmful effects of fertilizers?
Answer: Excessive use of fertilizers makes soil less fertile and becomes a source of water pollution.
Explanation: When fertilizers are applied to land, they can easily dissolve in water and run into nearby waterways, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. This excess of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, can lead to a phenomenon called eutrophication.
Question 24) What are the functions of manure?
Answer: It provides nutrients and improves soil texture as well as its water-retaining capacity. It makes soil porous due to which exchange of gases becomes easy.
Explanation: Provides essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to plants, promoting their growth and health. Adding organic matter improves soil quality, enhancing soil structure, aeration, and water-holding capacity. It also supports beneficial soil microorganisms that play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and plant health.
Question 25) Rhizobium bacteria present in the nodules of which plant?
Answer: Roots of leguminous plants.
Explanation: Legumes are a diverse group of plants known for their nitrogen-fixing capabilities, and a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium is crucial for this process. Rhizobium bacteria have the unique ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, converting it into a form usable by plants. This is essential because most plants cannot directly utilize atmospheric nitrogen, a vital nutrient for their growth. In exchange for providing nitrogen, the plant supplies the bacteria with sugars produced through photosynthesis. This mutually beneficial relationship allows both partners to thrive.
Question 26) Water protects the crop from ….
Answer: Frost and hot air currents.
Explanation: A thin layer of ice formed on plant surfaces can act as an insulating layer, further protecting the plant from the cold air. Plants lose water through their leaves in a process called transpiration. This process helps to cool the plant down similar to how sweating cools down humans. As water evaporates from the leaf surface, it absorbs heat from the surrounding air, creating a cooling effect.
Question 27) What is irrigation?
Answer: The supply of water to crops of different intervals is called irrigation.
Explanation: Irrigation plays a crucial role in the development of crops by providing them with the essential water they need to thrive, especially in areas with insufficient rainfall or during dry seasons.
Question 28) What are the traditional methods of irrigation?
Answer: Moat, Chain pump, Dhekli, and Rahat.
Explanation: A moat is a simple irrigation technique that uses a pulley system to draw water from a source, such as a well or river.
A chain pump is a more efficient irrigation technique that uses a continuous loop of chains with attached cups or discs to lift water. A dhekli is a lever-based irrigation technique that uses a weighted beam to lift water from a source. A Rahat is an animal-powered irrigation technique that uses a large wheel with attached buckets to lift water from a source.
Question 29) What are the modern methods of irrigation?
Answer: Sprinkle method and drip system.
Explanation: The sprinkling method of irrigation is a widely used technique that simulates rainfall by spraying water droplets over a targeted area. A network of pipes and sprinklers distributes water under pressure. Sprinklers spray water droplets into the air, resembling natural rainfall. Droplet size and coverage area vary depending on sprinkler type and water pressure.
A drip system is a highly efficient and precise method of watering plants by delivering water directly to the root zone at a slow and steady rate. Unlike traditional methods like sprinklers that spray water over the entire area, drip systems emit water through small openings called emitters or drippers positioned near the base of each plant.
Question 30) What is a weed?
Answer: In a field, many undesirable plants may grow naturally along with the crop. These plants are called weeds.
Explanation: It competes with crops for resources. This can reduce crop yields and increase water use. It harbors pests and diseases means some weeds act as hosts for pests and diseases that can harm other plants. The removal of weeds is called weeding.
Question 31) Which time is best for removing weeds?
Answer: The best time for the removal of weeds is before they produce flowers and seeds.
Explanation: Because it prevents seed dispersal, reduces competition for resources, and is easy to control
Question 32) What are weedicides?
Answer: Weeds are controlled by using certain chemicals called weedicides.
Explanation: Some examples of weedicides are 2,4-D, Diquat, Paraquat, Glyphosate, Dicamba, Imazapyr, Atrazine, etc.
Question 33) What is harvesting?
Answer: The cutting of a crop after it is mature is called harvesting.
Explanation: Harvesting is an essential step in crop development, impacting plant health, yield, product quality, and economic success
Question 34) Which machine helps threshing?
Answer: Combine.
Explanation: A combine harvester, or simply combine, plays a central role in the
threshing process of harvesting various crops. It's a multi-functional
a machine that combines four separate operations (reaping, threshing, separating, and winnowing) into a single, efficient process.
Question 35) Which festivals are related or associated with harvest season?
Answer: Pongal, Baisakhi, Holi, Diwali, Nabanya and Bihu.
Explanation: Pongal is celebrated in Tamil Nadu in mid-January on 14 January. Celebrates the Sun God Surya and expresses gratitude for a bountiful harvest. A four-day event featuring Bhogi (bonfire), Thai Pongal (rice cooked with milk and jaggery), Maatu Pongal (worshipping cows), and Kaanum Pongal (celebrating birds).
Baisakhi is celebrated in Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh on April 13th or 14th. It marks the beginning of the Punjabi New Year and coincides with the spring harvest. The celebration takes place through vibrant processions, folk dances like Bhangra, traditional food like Khichdi, and prayers for prosperity.
Nabanya is celebrated in West Bengal in November. It celebrates the harvest of new rice and offers thanks to Goddess Lakshmi for prosperity. People celebrate it by boat processions on the Hooghly River, vibrant decorations, traditional music and dance performances, and feasting on special dishes. Bihu is celebrated in Assam. People celebrate various aspects of agriculture, fertility, and prosperity.
Question 36) What is animal husbandry?
Answer: Animals reared at a large scale are called animal husbandry.
Explanation: The practice of raising livestock, offers a range of benefits and fulfills several important roles in human society.
Question 37) Where do we get cod liver oil?
Answer: From fish
Explanation: Cod liver oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the livers of Atlantic cod fish. It's packed with nutrients, Omega-3 fatty acids, Vitamin A, and Vitamin D.
